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Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning

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11.01.2017 | Wissenschaftlicher Beitrag

Peri-Urbanisation: Between Residential Preferences and Job Opportunities

verfasst von: Dr. Mohamed Hilal, Dr. Sophie Legras, Jean Cavailhès

Erschienen in: Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning | Ausgabe 2/2018

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Abstract

The debate on the nature and state of peri-urban development in Europe is dynamic. While residents and their residential preferences have long been identified as strong drivers of the process of peri-urbanisation, other influences have also been discussed, such as the supply side of the housing market or job opportunities for residents. This paper analyses the population and job growth trends in the last five decades of 230 urban areas in mainland France. The results show that the pattern of peri-urban development of all the large and medium cities of the country have strong common characteristics. In particular, the areas around cities have proven dynamic both in terms of population, as would be expected in the peri-urbanisation process described by the literature in France, but also in terms of jobs, which have been less analysed. A review of the economic literature on the determinants of firms’ location choice puts forward some of the most relevant determinants that may explain a choice of location outside central cities. This helps put in perspective the role of job opportunities in shaping peri-urbanisation in France in the recent past.

Vorheriger Artikel Inner-City Suburbanization – no Contradiction in Terms. Middle-Class Family Enclaves are Spreading in the Cities

Nächster Artikel Spatially Differentiated, Temporally Variegated: The Study of Life Cycles for a Better Understanding of Suburbia in German City Regions

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As explained below, we left out the case of Paris due to the peculiar demographic and economic size of this urban area (19% of the French population), and also since it has already been extensively studied (see for instance Berger 2004; Gilli 2004 or Halbert 2007).

In France, ‘urban unit’ is a municipality or a group of municipalities that includes a continuously built up zone (no break of more than 200 metres between two constructions) and at least 2,000 inhabitants. If the urban unit extends over several municipalities, the most populated municipality (> 50%) is the central city and the other adjacent municipalities are the suburb (INSEE 2015: 5).

i.e.: executives involved in intellectual, managerial, and decision-making functions tied to intellectual services, design/research, business-to-business trade, management, culture, and leisure.

Defined according to the typology of the Institut National de la Statistique et des études économiques (INSEE).

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Data is only available since the census of 1982, hence the difference in the temporal coverage regarding this type of employment.

From 70% of Metropolitan Statistical Areas jobs in 1950, to 57% in 1980 and 47% in 2000 (Gobillon/Selod/Zenou 2007: 2403).

See Crane and Chatman (2002: 11) who show that employment peri-urbanisation reduces commuting time, with strong differences by industry: “Construction and wholesale employment dispersal are associated with shorter commutes, while manufacturing and government employment dispersal with longer commutes. Retail and service employment does not appear to be strongly associated with commute length”. See also Weitz andCrawford (2012: 53) who show that “of 358 metropolitan regions, 227 (63%) experienced job gain and a decrease in job accessibility, confirming the stereotypical pattern of job sprawl in growing regions”. Finally, Hu (2014: 675) shows that in the Chicago metropolitan area from 1990 to 2010 “spatial changes have increased job accessibility for the poor while socioeconomic transformation has adversely affected it”.

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Titel: Peri-Urbanisation: Between Residential Preferences and Job Opportunities
verfasst von: Dr. Mohamed Hilal
Dr. Sophie Legras
Jean Cavailhès
Publikationsdatum: 11.01.2017
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning / Ausgabe 2/2018
Print ISSN: 0034-0111
Elektronische ISSN: 1869-4179
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13147-016-0474-8

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